雷山小过
小有过越,行事谨慎
The Judgment
Small Exceeding: success, and perseverance in what is right is rewarding. Small matters may be undertaken, but not great ones. The flying bird leaves its cry behind: it is not fitting to rise, but fitting to descend. Great good fortune.
A time when the small slightly exceeds. Small affairs may go forward and prosper, but great ventures should not be attempted. As a bird's cry lingers in the air, one should not strive upward but keep low; thus comes great good fortune.
山上有雷,小过。君子以行过乎恭,丧过乎哀,用过乎俭。
小过,小者过而亨也。过以利贞,与时行也。柔得中,是以小事吉也。刚失位而不中,是以不可大事也。有飞鸟之象焉,飞鸟遗之音,不宜上宜下,大吉,上逆而下顺也。
Interpretation(original text)
小过者,小有过越也,阴过于阳之义。上震(雷)下艮(山),山上有雷,雷声虽大而被山阻,不能远达,小事可过而大事不可过。程颐谓「小者过也,小事过则可,大事过则凶」,宜下不宜上、宜卑不宜亢。
上震为雷,下艮为山,雷在山上,声高而势弱,不能震远。卦形四阴居外、二阳居中,如飞鸟展翼之象。王弼注「飞鸟之象也,飞鸟遗之音」,鸟飞过空,声音遗留而身已逝。虞翻以中爻论之,九三九四二阳为鸟身,上下四阴为两翼,宜下不宜上。
六二与六五为上下卦之柔中,分主内外。六二阴柔中正,「过其祖,遇其妣」,小过而得宜。九三九四二阳居中,为全卦之实,然被四阴所困。上六居极,「弗遇过之」,过而不止则凶。全卦阴多阳少,小者得势。
小过为第六十二卦,与中孚(第六十一卦)相综。《序卦》曰「有其信者必行之,故受之以小过」。有信则必行,行则或有小过。朱熹谓小过与中孚「相反相成」,中孚中虚而小过中实,虚则能容、实则易过。
The Lines
The bird brings misfortune upon itself by flying too high.
Overreaching in a small matter, like a bird that soars too high, invites disaster.
Image: 飞鸟以凶,不可如何也。
初六阴居下位,小过之始。「飞鸟以凶」,如飞鸟急飞而上,凶。此爻居小过之初,当下而反上,违小过宜下之义。程颐注「过而上飞」,小过之时宜卑下自抑,不可高飞。
He passes by the grandfather and meets the grandmother; he does not reach the ruler but meets the minister. No blame.
Content to stop at the fitting middle, passing the forefather to meet the foremother, not pressing to the sovereign but meeting the minister, he is without fault.
Image: 不及其君,臣不可过也。
六二阴柔居中得正,小过之善。「过其祖,遇其妣」,越过祖父而遇祖母,以阴遇阴为得宜。「不及其君,遇其臣」,不僭越而安于臣位。朱熹谓「柔顺中正」,小过而不失正道。
He takes no extra guard, and a follower may strike him down. Misfortune.
Failing to keep his guard up, he leaves himself open to harm from those who trail behind; misfortune.
Image: 从或戕之,凶如何也。
九三阳居阳位,为下卦之主。「弗过防之」,不肯小过而当防备。「从或戕之」,若不防备则有被伤害之虞,凶。此爻阳刚不肯柔顺,在小过之时刚则遭忌。王弼注「居下体之上,不肯过之」。
No blame. Without overstepping, he meets the moment fittingly. To go forward is dangerous and calls for caution; do not cling forever to one fixed course.
He commits no fault, meeting circumstances without excess; yet pressing ahead is risky and demands wariness, and he should not rigidly hold to a single stance.
Image: 弗过遇之,位不当也;往厉必戒,终不可长也。
九四阳居柔位,处上卦之初。「弗过遇之」,不过越而恰好相遇。「往厉必戒」,前行有危须谨戒。「勿用永贞」,不宜固执长久。程颐谓「以刚处柔」,此爻刚而能柔,恰到好处。
Dense clouds but no rain, drifting from our western outskirts. The prince, with corded arrow, takes the creature hidden in its den.
Heavy clouds gather from the west yet yield no rain. Like a lord who bags only the quarry in its burrow, one should handle modest aims and not reach for grand results.
Image: 密云不雨,已上也。
六五以柔居尊位,小过之主。「密云不雨,自我西郊」,阴气虽盛而未能成雨。「公弋取彼在穴」,以射猎取穴中之物。朱熹注「柔中居尊」,阴过于盛而力有不逮,小事可为而大事难成。
Not meeting but overshooting, like a bird flying ever farther off. Misfortune; this is called self-made calamity.
Having gone too far and refusing to turn back, like a bird climbing higher and higher, he brings on disaster, a calamity of his own making.
Image: 弗遇过之,已亢也。
上六阴居小过之极,过而不止。「弗遇过之」,不能相遇而过越之。「飞鸟离之」,如飞鸟远去,凶。此爻小过之极,阴柔无制而过甚不返。虞翻谓「过极必凶」,是谓灾眚,过犹不及之戒。
Divination Reference(original text)
只宜小额稳健操作,不适合大规模冒险投资;量力而为,不可贪图超出自身能力的收益。
此时只适合处理小事,积小成多,不可好大喜功冒然挑战超出能力的大项目。
感情中适当的小让步、小关心能维系温度,不必期望轰轰烈烈的大变化。
注意日常小细节对健康的影响,从小处调整生活习惯,预防胜于治疗。
Traditional Reading(original text)
小过卦象征稍有过越,小事可为而大事不可。如飞鸟之音,宜向下而不宜向上。运势平平,只适合做小事,不宜冒然挑战大项目。脚踏实地,积小成多。
事业上宜从小处着手,积小成多。不可好高骛远或急于承担超出能力的大任。做好眼前的每一件小事,以恭谦的态度服务于人。
经商宜做小额稳健的买卖,不适合大规模投资。小本经营、薄利多销是当前的最佳策略。不可贪图大利而冒险。
学业上宜专注于基础知识的巩固,不可好高骛远。从细节做起,扎实积累。考试宜选择有把握的题目先做,不必强攻难题。
感情中宜注重小细节、小关怀,日常的小温暖胜过偶尔的大浪漫。不必追求轰轰烈烈,平淡中的真诚更为可贵。
做决策时宜从小处着手,不可贪大求全。控制决策范围,专注于可掌控的事项。以谦恭俭约的态度行事,稍有过之不为过。
School Interpretations(original text)
小过者,小有过越也。山上有雷,声大而势小之象。宜安分守己,不可妄动。
小过卦为山上有雷之象,雷在山上轰鸣,声音虽大但势能有限。君子观此卦象,行为上宁可过于恭敬,丧葬上宁可过于哀伤,花费上宁可过于节俭。得此卦者只宜做小事,不可做大事;只宜向下,不宜向上。如飞鸟般低飞最为安全,逞高则有灾殃。
运势平平,宜小事而不宜大事。
小额投资可为,大笔买卖不宜。
家宅平安,宜俭朴持家。
小恙注意调理,不可掉以轻心。