地山谦
谦虚受益,卑以自牧
The Judgment
Modesty: success. The superior person carries things through to the end.
This sign is of the virtue of humble and careful conduct. The noble one who meets the world with modesty is barred from nothing, and by holding constant from first to last, brings great works to completion.
地中有山,谦;君子以裒多益寡,称物平施。
谦亨,天道下济而光明,地道卑而上行。天道亏盈而益谦,地道变盈而流谦,鬼神害盈而福谦,人道恶盈而好谦。谦尊而光,卑而不可逾,君子之终也。
Interpretation(original text)
「谦」本义为谦虚、谦逊。谦卦描绘山在地下,高者自处卑位之象——明明有才德而不自矜,为《易经》中唯一六爻皆吉或无咎之卦。卦辞「亨,君子有终」,言谦虚之道亨通,君子以谦卑得善终。程颐谓「谦者,有其德而不居也」。
上坤地、下艮山。山本高大却居于地下,高而能下、满而能虚,谦逊之极致。坤为地、为顺,艮为山、为止。高山自止于地下,有大德而不彰显。《象传》曰「地中有山,谦;君子以裒多益寡,称物平施」——君子效法而减多补少、公平分配。
九三为卦主,唯一之阳爻,居下卦之极,阳居阳位得正。以一阳居群阴之中,有劳谦之德——有功劳而谦虚。九三与上六正应,上下呼应。六五柔中居尊而能谦,「利用侵伐」以谦道征不服。六二柔中得正,「鸣谦」声名远播。
谦为第十五卦,承大有而来。《序卦》曰「有大者不可以盈,故受之以谦」。大有之后必须谦虚,否则盈满招损。谦与豫为相综之卦对——谦为谦虚自抑,豫为喜悦欢乐。谦卦在《易》中地位特殊,《系辞》曰「谦,德之柄也」。
The Lines
The modest and self-effacing superior person. With this he may cross the great water. Good fortune.
The noble one, modest and yet more modest, crosses the great perils on the strength of his humility, and good fortune follows.
Image: 谦谦君子,卑以自牧也。
初六为谦卦之始,阴居阳位失正,谦之最下。「谦谦君子,用涉大川,吉」——谦而又谦的君子,可以涉越大川,吉。初六处卦之最卑而又自处以谦,谦之极也。以至谦之德涉险则无往不克。《象传》曰「谦谦君子,卑以自牧也」。程颐言「处最下而至谦,自养以卑,虽涉险难亦吉」。
Modesty that resounds. Steadfastness brings good fortune.
The fame of his modesty spreads far; holding to the upright way, he meets good fortune, honored for his humility.
Image: 鸣谦贞吉,中心得也。
六二居下卦之中,阴居阴位得正得中,艮之中爻。「鸣谦,贞吉」——谦德之声远播于外,守正则吉。六二柔中得正,谦德由内而发、自然流露。不需刻意宣扬而声名自显。与九五虽非正应但以中道相感。《象传》曰「鸣谦贞吉,中心得也」。朱熹谓「中正在内,谦德充盈而发于声」。
Toiling yet modest. The superior person carries it through to the end. Good fortune.
Great in labor and merit yet still unassuming, the noble one sees the matter through from beginning to end, and good fortune attends.
Image: 劳谦君子,万民服也。
九三为谦卦之唯一阳爻,阳居阳位得正,卦之主爻。「劳谦君子,有终,吉」——有功劳而谦虚的君子,善始善终,吉。九三以阳刚之实居下体之上,有功有德而不自居,谦卦最美之象。与上六正应。《象传》曰「劳谦君子,万民服也」。程颐言「有大功而能谦,万民所服,君子之终也」。
Nothing that is not favorable. He gives full play to modesty.
Nothing fails to prosper; giving free rein to the virtue of yielding, he finds every affair goes smoothly.
Image: 无不利,撝谦,不违则也。
六四居上卦之初,阴居阴位得正,坤体之始。「无不利,撝谦」——无所不利,发挥谦虚之德。六四得正而居上体之初,柔顺而行谦道,进退皆宜。撝者,施也——将谦德发挥展布。《象传》曰「无不利撝谦,不违则也」。王弼谓「处上位而用谦道,故无所不利」。程颐言「柔正得位而行谦,动不违则」。
Not made rich by his neighbors. It is favorable to march in chastisement. Nothing that is not favorable.
He does not lord his wealth over others but wins neighboring lands by humble virtue; where need arises he may take up arms against the unjust, and nothing fails to prosper.
Image: 利用侵伐,征不服也。
六五居上卦之中,阴居阳位失位而得中,坤之中爻居尊位。「不富以其邻,利用侵伐,无不利」——不凭借富有而与邻人共行,可以征讨不服者,无所不利。六五以柔中居尊而行谦道,有征伐不服之德。《象传》曰「利用侵伐,征不服也」。程颐言「居尊以谦,有德者归之。征伐不服,谦而能威」。
Modesty that resounds. It is favorable to set the army in motion and to chastise towns and states.
His modesty is renowned far and wide; he may lead out the host to bring erring towns and states to order, a righteous army guided by humble virtue.
Image: 鸣谦,志未得也。可用行师,征邑国也。
上六居谦卦之极,阴居阴位得正而处穷极。「鸣谦,利用行师,征邑国」——谦德之声远播,可以出兵征伐己之邑国。上六谦道已充盈,声名远及。与九三正应,得阳刚之助。然所征者仅限于「邑国」——自己所属之范围。《象传》曰「鸣谦,志未得也。可用行师,征邑国也」。
Divination Reference(original text)
市场中保持低调不炫耀,谦逊学习市场规律,不过度自信,稳健布局长期受益。
功成而不居功,谦逊待人、尊重同事,反而能赢得更多支持与晋升机会。
以谦逊体贴的姿态经营感情,不自我为中心,尊重对方感受,关系长久稳固。
对医疗建议保持谦虚开放的态度,不自行判断病情,遵从专业建议规范调养。
Traditional Reading(original text)
谦虚退让之象,以下济上之时。山本高而居于地下,高者自卑、满而不溢。谦虚是唯一全吉之卦,无论何时何地,谦逊之人必受祝福。
事业上以谦虚低调的态度待人处事,必获上司赏识和同事尊重。功劳归于团队、好处让给他人,反而赢得更多支持和信赖。
经商宜薄利多销、让利于客。诚恳的服务态度赢得口碑,客户自然源源不断。谦虚经营反而获利更丰。
学业上虚心好学、不耻下问则进步神速。谦虚的态度赢得师友好感和帮助。真才实学比虚名更有价值。
感情上以谦和温柔的态度待人,容易赢得对方好感。不争不抢、以退为进反而更得人心。婚姻美满和谐。
决策宜谦虚谨慎、低调务实。不可自以为是、刚愎自用。多听取他人意见,以谦让的态度处理问题则诸事顺利。
School Interpretations(original text)
地下有山,谦退自处。高而不骄,满而不溢。宜谦恭待人,诸事皆吉。
谦卦为地山相叠,山本高大却甘居地下,象征谦逊自抑的美德。此卦是六十四卦中唯一六爻皆吉的卦。得此卦者,以谦虚的态度行事则百事皆顺。无论处于何种境遇,谦恭退让都能化解困难、赢得支持。满招损、谦受益,谦虚是立身处世的最佳法则。
运势大吉,谦虚退让则诸事顺遂,受人敬重。
财运良好,让利于人反得厚报,薄利多销有大利。
家宅和美,家人谦让互敬,和气生财、家道兴隆。
身体平安,保持谦和心态有利养生,忌急躁暴怒。